Phrasebook

en At the restaurant 4   »   ad Рестораным 4

32 [thirty-two]

At the restaurant 4

At the restaurant 4

32 [щэкIырэ тIурэ]

32 [shhjekIyrje tIurje]

Рестораным 4

[Restoranym 4]

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I’d like chips / French fries (am.) with ketchup. aaaaa С- --ртошк- гъэжъа-------чуп игъу--у з- ---ьэ ----й. С- к------- г-------- к----- и------ з- I---- с----- С- к-р-о-к- г-э-ъ-г-э к-т-у- и-ъ-с-у з- I-х-э с-ф-й- ---------------------------------------------------- Сэ картошкэ гъэжъагъэ кетчуп игъусэу зы Iахьэ сыфай. 0
S------t-sh--e g---ha-je----chu---gusjeu--- I-h'je--y-a-. S-- k--------- g-------- k------ i------ z- I----- s----- S-e k-r-o-h-j- g-e-h-g-e k-t-h-p i-u-j-u z- I-h-j- s-f-j- --------------------------------------------------------- Sje kartoshkje gjezhagje ketchup igusjeu zy Iah'je syfaj.
And two with mayonnaise. aaaaa Ы--- Iахьит-- м--онез ---ус-у. Ы--- I------- м------ и------- Ы-I- I-х-и-I- м-й-н-з и-ъ-с-у- ------------------------------ ЫкIи IахьитIу майонез игъусэу. 0
Y--- ---'it----a--n-z-i-u-je-. Y--- I------- m------ i------- Y-I- I-h-i-I- m-j-n-z i-u-j-u- ------------------------------ YkIi Iah'itIu majonez igusjeu.
And three sausages with mustard. aaaaa Ы-Iи--а---- -о---к--гъэж----э г----ц- -г-у-э-. Ы--- I----- с------ г-------- г------ и------- Ы-I- I-х-и- с-с-с-э г-э-ъ-г-э г-р-и-э и-ъ-с-у- ---------------------------------------------- ЫкIи Iахьищ сосискэ гъэжъагъэ горчицэ игъусэу. 0
Y-Ii--ah'ish-----iskj--g--z-ag-- -o-c--cje----s-e-. Y--- I------- s------- g-------- g-------- i------- Y-I- I-h-i-h- s-s-s-j- g-e-h-g-e g-r-h-c-e i-u-j-u- --------------------------------------------------- YkIi Iah'ishh sosiskje gjezhagje gorchicje igusjeu.
What vegetables do you have? aaaaa Сы--ф-дэ--э-э--кIха-шъ--Iэ--р? С-- ф--- х--------- ш--------- С-д ф-д- х-т-р-к-х- ш-у-I-х-р- ------------------------------ Сыд фэдэ хэтэрыкIха шъуиIэхэр? 0
Syd -j--j- -----e---Iha-s-ui-j---er? S-- f----- h----------- s----------- S-d f-e-j- h-e-j-r-k-h- s-u-I-e-j-r- ------------------------------------ Syd fjedje hjetjerykIha shuiIjehjer?
Do you have beans? aaaaa Дж-нч-шъу-Iа? Д---- ш------ Д-э-ч ш-у-I-? ------------- Джэнч шъуиIа? 0
Dz--en-----uiI-? D------- s------ D-h-e-c- s-u-I-? ---------------- Dzhjench shuiIa?
Do you have cauliflower? aaaaa Къэб-----------жъ--ы--бэ-ш---Iа? К-------- ф--- ж-------- ш------ К-э-э-к-э ф-ж- ж-г-ы-ы-э ш-у-I-? -------------------------------- Къэбэскъэ фыжь жъгъырыбэ шъуиIа? 0
K----e---e ---------y---j---hui-a? K--------- f---- z-------- s------ K-e-j-s-j- f-z-' z-g-r-b-e s-u-I-? ---------------------------------- Kjebjeskje fyzh' zhgyrybje shuiIa?
I like to eat (sweet) corn. aaaaa С- нат--ф-с----э---икIас. С- н----- с------ с------ С- н-т-ы- с-х-н-у с-к-а-. ------------------------- Сэ натрыф сшхынэу сикIас. 0
S-e -a--y- --hh--je--si-Ia-. S-- n----- s-------- s------ S-e n-t-y- s-h-y-j-u s-k-a-. ---------------------------- Sje natryf sshhynjeu sikIas.
I like to eat cucumber. aaaaa С- н-----гу --х-н-у --к-а-. С- н------- с------ с------ С- н-ш-б-г- с-х-н-у с-к-а-. --------------------------- Сэ нэшэбэгу сшхынэу сикIас. 0
Sj--n--sh-e----u-ssh---jeu----Ias. S-- n----------- s-------- s------ S-e n-e-h-e-j-g- s-h-y-j-u s-k-a-. ---------------------------------- Sje njeshjebjegu sshhynjeu sikIas.
I like to eat tomatoes. aaaaa С--п---д-р--ш-ы-эу---кIа-. С- п------ с------ с------ С- п-м-д-р с-х-н-у с-к-а-. -------------------------- Сэ помидор сшхынэу сикIас. 0
S-- --mi-o- ---h-nj-u s-kIas. S-- p------ s-------- s------ S-e p-m-d-r s-h-y-j-u s-k-a-. ----------------------------- Sje pomidor sshhynjeu sikIas.
Do you also like to eat leek? aaaaa О-и ---ы---Iын--пшх-нэ--у-к-ас-? О-- б---- ц---- п------ у------- О-и б-ь-н ц-ы-э п-х-н-у у-к-а-а- -------------------------------- Ори бжьын цIынэ пшхынэу уикIаса? 0
Or- b-h'y- cIy-j- -shhynje--u-k-asa? O-- b----- c----- p-------- u------- O-i b-h-y- c-y-j- p-h-y-j-u u-k-a-a- ------------------------------------ Ori bzh'yn cIynje pshhynjeu uikIasa?
Do you also like to eat sauerkraut? aaaaa О---къ-бэс-ъэ---о-у п---н-у у-к-аса? О-- к-------- ш---- п------ у------- О-и к-э-э-к-э ш-о-у п-х-н-у у-к-а-а- ------------------------------------ Ори къэбэскъэ шIоIу пшхынэу уикIаса? 0
Or---j-b----j- sh-oIu-pshhy---u u-k-a-a? O-- k--------- s----- p-------- u------- O-i k-e-j-s-j- s-I-I- p-h-y-j-u u-k-a-a- ---------------------------------------- Ori kjebjeskje shIoIu pshhynjeu uikIasa?
Do you also like to eat lentils? aaaaa О-и --э-ч-хъур---пI-а-I- --х--эу-уик----? О-- д---- х----- п------ п------ у------- О-и д-э-ч х-у-э- п-у-к-э п-х-н-у у-к-а-а- ----------------------------------------- Ори джэнч хъурэе пIуакIэ пшхынэу уикIаса? 0
O-- --h-e--- hurj----I-akI-- p---y--e- u--I-s-? O-- d------- h----- p------- p-------- u------- O-i d-h-e-c- h-r-e- p-u-k-j- p-h-y-j-u u-k-a-a- ----------------------------------------------- Ori dzhjench hurjee pIuakIje pshhynjeu uikIasa?
Do you also like to eat carrots? aaaaa Ор--пх---пш--н-у -и-----? О-- п--- п------ у------- О-и п-ъ- п-х-н-у у-к-а-а- ------------------------- Ори пхъы пшхынэу уикIаса? 0
O-i--h- -----n--u ui----a? O-- p-- p-------- u------- O-i p-y p-h-y-j-u u-k-a-a- -------------------------- Ori phy pshhynjeu uikIasa?
Do you also like to eat broccoli? aaaaa Ори-къ-б-с--э-шхъон--э-ж---ы-ы-э пшхынэ--у----с-? О-- к-------- ш------- ж-------- п------ у------- О-и к-э-э-к-э ш-ъ-н-I- ж-г-ы-ы-э п-х-н-у у-к-а-а- ------------------------------------------------- Ори къэбэскъэ шхъонтIэ жъгъырыбэ пшхынэу уикIаса? 0
O------bj-skje-s-ho--Ije -hgy--b---ps----j-u---kI-sa? O-- k--------- s-------- z-------- p-------- u------- O-i k-e-j-s-j- s-h-n-I-e z-g-r-b-e p-h-y-j-u u-k-a-a- ----------------------------------------------------- Ori kjebjeskje shhontIje zhgyrybje pshhynjeu uikIasa?
Do you also like to eat peppers? aaaaa О-и --бжьы-----ы--- -ик--са? О-- щ------ п------ у------- О-и щ-б-ь-й п-х-н-у у-к-а-а- ---------------------------- Ори щыбжьый пшхынэу уикIаса? 0
Or--s--y-z-'yj-----y-j-- --k-as-? O-- s--------- p-------- u------- O-i s-h-b-h-y- p-h-y-j-u u-k-a-a- --------------------------------- Ori shhybzh'yj pshhynjeu uikIasa?
I don’t like onions. aaaaa С- бж-ы--с-к----п. С- б---- с-------- С- б-ь-н с-к-а-э-. ------------------ Сэ бжьын сикIасэп. 0
S-- bzh'y- si---s--p. S-- b----- s--------- S-e b-h-y- s-k-a-j-p- --------------------- Sje bzh'yn sikIasjep.
I don’t like olives. aaaaa С--ол-в--си------. С- о---- с-------- С- о-и-э с-к-а-э-. ------------------ Сэ оливэ сикIасэп. 0
Sje ol------i-------. S-- o----- s--------- S-e o-i-j- s-k-a-j-p- --------------------- Sje olivje sikIasjep.
I don’t like mushrooms. aaaaa Сэ-----у--р--и-I----. С- х------- с-------- С- х-а-у-э- с-к-а-э-. --------------------- Сэ хьаIухэр сикIасэп. 0
S-e-h-a--hjer s----sje-. S-- h-------- s--------- S-e h-a-u-j-r s-k-a-j-p- ------------------------ Sje h'aIuhjer sikIasjep.

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Tonal Languages

Most of all the languages spoken worldwide are tonal languages. With tonal languages, the pitch of the tones is crucial. They determine what meaning words or syllables have. Thus, the tone belongs firmly to the word. Most of the languages spoken in Asia are tonal languages. For example, Chinese, Thai and Vietnamese. There are also various tonal languages in Africa. Many indigenous languages in America are tonal languages as well. Indo-European languages mostly contain only tonal elements. This applies to Swedish or Serbian, for example. The number of tone pitches is varied in individual languages. Four different tones are distinguishable in Chinese. With this, the syllable ma can have four meanings. They are mother, hemp, horse and to rant . Interestingly, tonal languages also impact our hearing. Studies on absolute hearing have shown this. Absolute hearing is the ability to identify heard tones accurately. Absolute hearing occurs very rarely in Europe and North America. Fewer than 1 in 10,000 people have it. It's different with native speakers of Chinese. Here, 9 times as many people have this special ability. We all had absolute hearing when we were infants. We used it to learn to speak correctly. Unfortunately, most people lose it later on. The pitch of tones is also important in music. This is especially true for cultures that speak a tonal language. They must adhere to the melody very precisely. Otherwise a beautiful love song comes out as an absurd song!
Did you know?
Punjabi is counted among the Indo-Iranian languages. It is spoken natively by 130 million people. The majority of those people live in Pakistan. However, it is also spoken in the Indian state of Punjab. Punjabi is hardly ever used as a written language in Pakistan. It is different in India because there the language holds an official status. Punjabi is written in its own script. It also has a very long literary tradition. Texts have been found that are almost 1000 years old. Punjabi is also very interesting from a phonological point of view. This is because it is a tonal language. In tonal languages, the pitch of the accented syllable changes their meaning. In Punjabi, the accented syllable can take on three different pitches. That is very unusual for Indo-European languages. That makes Punjabi that much more appealing!