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5 [five]

Countries and Languages

Countries and Languages

5 [kvin]

Landoj kaj lingvoj

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John is from London. Jo-a-o ---as ---L---o--. J----- e---- e- L------- J-h-n- e-t-s e- L-n-o-o- ------------------------ Johano estas el Londono. 0
London is in Great Britain. L------ sit----en Br-t---. L------ s----- e- B------- L-n-o-o s-t-a- e- B-i-u-o- -------------------------- Londono situas en Britujo. 0
He speaks English. L--p-rolas -a---glan. L- p------ l- a------ L- p-r-l-s l- a-g-a-. --------------------- Li parolas la anglan. 0
Maria is from Madrid. Ma-i--e-tas e--M----d-. M---- e---- e- M------- M-r-a e-t-s e- M-d-i-o- ----------------------- Maria estas el Madrido. 0
Madrid is in Spain. M-d-i-o -it--s -n---s--n-jo. M------ s----- e- H--------- M-d-i-o s-t-a- e- H-s-a-u-o- ---------------------------- Madrido situas en Hispanujo. 0
She speaks Spanish. Ŝ--par-la--l--h-s---an. Ŝ- p------ l- h-------- Ŝ- p-r-l-s l- h-s-a-a-. ----------------------- Ŝi parolas la hispanan. 0
Peter and Martha are from Berlin. P-------- M-rt- est---el-B-r---o. P---- k-- M---- e---- e- B------- P-t-o k-j M-r-a e-t-s e- B-r-i-o- --------------------------------- Petro kaj Marta estas el Berlino. 0
Berlin is in Germany. B--lin- sit--s-----erm--uj-. B------ s----- e- G--------- B-r-i-o s-t-a- e- G-r-a-u-o- ---------------------------- Berlino situas en Germanujo. 0
Do both of you speak German? Ĉu-amb-- vi par-las -----r-a-an? Ĉ- a---- v- p------ l- g-------- Ĉ- a-b-ŭ v- p-r-l-s l- g-r-a-a-? -------------------------------- Ĉu ambaŭ vi parolas la germanan? 0
London is a capital city. L---o-o --t-- ĉ--u-b-. L------ e---- ĉ------- L-n-o-o e-t-s ĉ-f-r-o- ---------------------- Londono estas ĉefurbo. 0
Madrid and Berlin are also capital cities. Mad---- --- Be-lin- a--a--es-as -----b--. M------ k-- B------ a---- e---- ĉ-------- M-d-i-o k-j B-r-i-o a-k-ŭ e-t-s ĉ-f-r-o-. ----------------------------------------- Madrido kaj Berlino ankaŭ estas ĉefurboj. 0
Capital cities are big and noisy. Ĉ----boj----as--r-nd-----j -r-aj. Ĉ------- e---- g------ k-- b----- Ĉ-f-r-o- e-t-s g-a-d-j k-j b-u-j- --------------------------------- Ĉefurboj estas grandaj kaj bruaj. 0
France is in Europe. F-anc-j------as -n-Eŭ--po. F------- s----- e- E------ F-a-c-j- s-t-a- e- E-r-p-. -------------------------- Francujo situas en Eŭropo. 0
Egypt is in Africa. Eg-pt-jo s-tu-s-e- Afriko. E------- s----- e- A------ E-i-t-j- s-t-a- e- A-r-k-. -------------------------- Egiptujo situas en Afriko. 0
Japan is in Asia. J-panujo si---s ---A---. J------- s----- e- A---- J-p-n-j- s-t-a- e- A-i-. ------------------------ Japanujo situas en Azio. 0
Canada is in North America. Ka-ado--i-ua- en-Norda----k-. K----- s----- e- N----------- K-n-d- s-t-a- e- N-r-a-e-i-o- ----------------------------- Kanado situas en Nordameriko. 0
Panama is in Central America. P-n-m- -itu-s e- --n----e---o. P----- s----- e- C------------ P-n-m- s-t-a- e- C-n-r-m-r-k-. ------------------------------ Panamo situas en Centrameriko. 0
Brazil is in South America. Br-zil---i--a- ---Su-a--r---. B------ s----- e- S---------- B-a-i-o s-t-a- e- S-d-m-r-k-. ----------------------------- Brazilo situas en Sudameriko. 0

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Languages and dialects

There are 6,000 to 7,000 different languages worldwide. The number of dialects is of course much higher. But what is the difference between language and dialect? Dialects always have a clearly localized tone. They belong to the regional language varieties. This means dialects are a language form with the narrowest reach. As a general rule, dialects are only spoken, not written. They form their own linguistic system. And they follow their own rules. Theoretically, every language can have several dialects. All dialects fall under the standard language of a country. The standard language is understood by all the people of a country. With it, even speakers of different dialects can communicate with each other. Almost all dialects are becoming less important. You hardly hear dialects being spoken in cities anymore. The standard language is usually spoken at work as well. Therefore, dialect speakers are often said to be simple and uneducated. And yet they can be found at all social levels. So dialect speakers are no less intelligent than others. Quite the opposite! Those who speak in dialect have many advantages. In a language course, for example. Dialect speakers know that there are different linguistic forms. And they have learned to switch quickly between linguistic styles. Therefore, dialect speakers possess a higher competence for variation. They can sense which linguistic style fits with a certain situation. This has even been scientifically proven. So: Have courage in using dialect – it's worth it!
Did you know?
Bulgarian is counted among the South Slavic languages. About 10 million people speak Bulgarian. The majority of those people, of course, live in Bulgaria. Bulgarian is spoken in other countries as well, however. Among those are Ukraine and Moldova. Bulgarian is one of the oldest documented Slavic languages. It has many specific features too. The similarity to Albanian and Romanian is striking. These languages are not Slavic languages. There are many parallels nevertheless. Therefore, all of these languages are also denoted as Balkan languages. They have a lot in common, although they are not related to each other. Bulgarian verbs can take on many forms. There is also no infinitive in Bulgarian. If you want to learn this interesting language you will soon discover many new things!